Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

Overview of Eczema

Eczema is also known as atopic dermatitis it is a chronic skin condition that is characterised by dry, itchy and inflamed skin. It often appears in childhood and can persist into adulthood. The skin condition is associated with a hypersensitive immune system response which leads to various skin rashes and irritation.

Types of Eczema

• Atopic Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): The most common form of eczema primarily affecting children, causing dry, red and itchy skin.
• Contact Dermatitis: Skin inflammation caused by direct contact with irritants or allergens.
• Seborrheic Dermatitis: Typically affects the scalp, face and upper body.
• Dyshidrotic Eczema: Affects the hands and feet which causes itchy blisters.
• Nummular Eczema: Characterised by round coin shaped patches of skin irritation.

Symptoms of Eczema

Dry, cracked skin.

Redness and inflammation.

Eczema rash can appear as patches of irritated skin.

Itching that can become severe.

Skin thickening due to constant scratching.

Rash behind the knees and inside the elbows are common locations.

Eczema on the back, face, and other parts of the body.

Blisters or weeping skin in severe cases.

Causes of Eczema

The exact cause of eczema is not fully understood but it is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors:

Genetic predisposition which is family history of eczema, asthma or hay fever.

Immune system dysfunction leading to inflammation.

Environmental irritants (soaps, detergents and allergens).

Stress can exacerbate symptoms.

Complications in Eczema

If left untreated or if symptoms are poorly managed eczema can lead to:

Skin infections due to scratching which can break the skin barrier.

Sleep disturbances due to constant itching.

Psychological effects such as anxiety and depression especially when eczema becomes visible.

Risk Factors of Eczema

Several factors can increase the risk of developing eczema:

Family history of eczema, asthma or hay fever.

Being exposed to environmental allergens or irritants.

Having a weakened immune system.

Early exposure to certain environmental conditions for example extreme weather.

Preventions of Eczema

While eczema cannot always be prevented the following measures can help reduce the risk or manage flare ups:

Moisturising the skin regularly with fragrance free creams and ointments.

Avoiding known irritants like harsh soaps or chemicals.

Using mild laundry detergents and wearing soft fabrics like cotton.

Managing stress and avoiding triggers such as temperature changes.