Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Overview of COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long term lung condition that makes breathing difficult. It includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema which cause airway inflammation and lung damage. The most common causes are smoking, pollution and genetic factors. While COPD cannot be cured, early diagnosis and treatment can slow its progression and improve quality of life.

Types of COPD

1. Chronic bronchitis: Persistent cough with mucus due to airway inflammation.

2. Emphysema: Damage to air sacs in the lungs and reducing oxygen exchange.

Symptoms of COPD

Shortness of breath especially during physical activity

Chronic cough with mucus that persists

Wheezing and chest tightness

Frequent lung infections like flu and pneumonia

Fatigue and unexplained weight loss in advanced stages

Causes of COPD

Smoking is the primary cause of COPD

Long term exposure to air pollution, dust and fumes

Genetic conditions like Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

Repeated respiratory infections in childhood

Complications in COPD

Increased risk of lung infections and pneumonia

Higher chance of heart problems and high blood pressure

Severe breathing issues that may require oxygen therapy

Depression and anxiety due to difficulty in breathing

Risk Factors of COPD

Active and passive smoking

Long term exposure to chemical fumes, dust and pollution

Pre existing lung conditions like asthma

Age factor with most cases occurring after 40 years

Preventions of COPD

Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke

Limit exposure to air pollutants and workplace chemicals

Get flu and pneumonia vaccines to prevent infections

Maintain a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and good nutrition